Dialysis is a medical procedure used to replicate the function of failing kidneys, especially in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While it efficiently removes waste products and excess fluid from the blood, dialysis is not free from complications. These complications of dialysis can have a profound effect on the patient’s health and quality of life. Cardiovascular events, infections, and electrolyte imbalances are among the common issues that can pose serious health risks. Read this blog until the end to learn about their causes, symptoms, and possible treatment.
1. Cardiovascular Complications
Patients who undergo dialysis face a higher risk of cardiovascular problems, including:
- Heart Attack and Stroke: Fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. Research shows that dialysis patients experience heart attacks and strokes more frequently compared to the general population. You can consult at a nephrology hospital in Vikas Puri
- Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms commonly occur due to imbalances in potassium and calcium levels during dialysis. This can lead to serious conditions like ventricular fibrillation, which may result in sudden cardiac arrest.
2. Infections
Infections pose a concern for dialysis patients:
- Peritonitis: This severe infection of the peritoneal cavity affects patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. It usually results from bacteria entering through the catheter used for dialysis. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and cloudy dialysate fluid.
- Catheter-Related Infections: Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis use catheters, which can become infected. Symptoms such as redness and swelling at the catheter site require immediate medical attention.
3. Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
This rare but serious condition occurs primarily during hemodialysis, when rapid changes in solute concentrations between the blood and brain cause symptoms such as:
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Seizures
Gradually starting dialysis helps reduce the risk of this condition.
4. Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)
Hypotension remains one of the most common complications during hemodialysis sessions. Patients often experience dizziness, nausea, or fainting due to the drop in blood pressure caused by fluid removal during treatment. Managing fluid intake between sessions is key to minimising this risk.
5. Anaemia
Anaemia frequently affects dialysis patients due to the kidneys’ inability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Symptoms of anaemia include:
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Shortness of breath
Treatment typically involves iron supplements or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents.
6. Bone and Mineral Disorders
Dialysis patients often face issues with bone health:
- Osteoporosis: The reduced ability to process vitamin D weakens bones.
- High Phosphorus Levels: Elevated phosphorus levels can lead to itching and bone pain, necessitating dietary restrictions and the use of phosphate binders.
7. Fluid Overload
Poor management of fluid intake can lead to fluid overload, causing symptoms like:
- Swelling (oedema)
- Hypertension
- Congestive heart failure
Regular monitoring of fluid intake and body weight prevents these complications of dialysis.
8. Itchy Skin (Pruritus)
Many dialysis patients suffer from dry, itchy skin, often worsened by high phosphorus levels or inadequate dialysis treatment. To alleviate this, patients are advised to:
- Use moisturisers
- Take phosphate binders as prescribed
- Stay hydrated while adhering to fluid restrictions
9. Hernias
Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis can develop hernias due to increased intra-abdominal pressure from fluid retention. Symptoms include:
- A visible lump in the abdomen
- Pain or discomfort during certain activities
Surgical intervention may be needed in severe cases.
10. Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS)
EPS is a rare but serious complication linked to long-term peritoneal dialysis. It involves thickening and fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane, potentially leading to bowel obstruction and malnutrition. Surgical intervention or discontinuing peritoneal dialysis may be required.
11. Sleep Disturbances
Many patients report difficulties with sleep due to discomfort or anxiety related to their condition. Sleep apnoea is also common among dialysis patients, further complicating their overall health.
Signs of Worsening Kidney Function
If you notice any of the following symptoms, it is important to visit your 24×7 dialysis center in Delhi:
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing may indicate fluid overload, a common issue in kidney failure.
- Fatigue: Persistent tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest could be a sign that your kidneys are not filtering waste effectively.
- Nausea or Vomiting: Continuous nausea or vomiting may signal a buildup of toxins in the body.
- Muscle Cramps: Frequent muscle cramps might suggest electrolyte imbalances, which are important for proper muscle function.
If you experience any of the symptoms, consult with 24×7 dialysis in Delhi.
Cost of Dialysis
The dialysis cost varies greatly depending on factors such as the type of facility, location, and the specific treatment needed. On average, a single session of hemodialysis costs between ₹150 in government hospitals and ₹2,000 in corporate hospitals.
The national average cost per session is around ₹1,100, leading to a monthly expenditure of approximately ₹24,000 to ₹48,000 for regular treatments. This financial burden is notable, particularly as more than 90% patients find it difficult to afford these expenses.
Dialysis is important for patients with kidney failure, but it comes with several complications that require careful management. By understanding the potential risks—ranging from cardiovascular issues to infections—patients can work closely with their reputable doctor from UK Nursing Home to mitigate dialysis side effects, follow treatment protocols, and maintain a higher quality of life while on dialysis. Staying informed about these challenges ensures that patients and their caregivers receive comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs.
